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<man>traceroute</man> |
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This diagnostic utility determines the route taken to a destination by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo packets (like ping) with varying Time-To-Live (TTL) values to the destination. Each router along the path is required to decrement the TTL on a packet by at least 1 before forwarding it, so the TTL is effectively a hop count. When the TTL on a packet reaches 0, the router is supposed to send back an I C M P Time Exceeded message to the source system. |
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{{manpage}} |
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Tracert determines the route by sending the first echo packet with a TTL of 1 and incrementing the TTL by 1 on each subsequent transmission until the target responds or the maximum TTL is reached. |
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The route is determined by examining the ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent back by intermediate routers. Notice that some routers silently drop packets with expired time-to-live (TTLs) and will be invisible to tracert. |
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Parameters: |
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tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j computer-list] [-w timeout] target_name |
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-d Specifies not to resolve addresses to computer names. |
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-h maximum_hops Specifies maximum number of hops to search for target. |
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-j computer-list Specifies loose source route along computer-list. |
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-w timeout Waits the number of milliseconds specified by timeout for each reply. |
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target_name Name of the target computer. |
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tracert is also know as traceroute on Unix Systems |
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Maintenance Commands traceroute(1M) |
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NAME |
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traceroute - print the route packets take to network host |
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SYNOPSIS |
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traceroute [ -dFInvx ] [ -f first_ttl ] [-g gateway [ |
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-g gateway ... ] | -r ] [ -i iface ] [ -m max_ttl ] [ |
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-p port ] [ -q nqueries ] [ -s src_addr ] [ -t tos ] [ |
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-w waittime ] host [ packetlen ] |
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DESCRIPTION |
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The Internet is a large and complex aggregation of network |
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hardware, connected together by gateways. Tracking the |
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route a packet follows can be difficult. The utility tra- |
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ceroute traces the route that an IP packet follows to |
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another internet host. |
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traceroute utilizes the IP protocol ttl (time to live) |
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field and attempts to elicit an ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED response |
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from each gateway along the path, and a PORT_UNREACHABLE(or |
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ECHO_REPLY if -I is used) response from the destination |
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host. It starts by sending probes with a ttl of 1 and |
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increases by 1 until it either gets to the host, or it hits |
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the maximum ttl. The default maximum ttl is 30 hops, but |
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this can be set by the -m option. |
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Three probes are sent at each ttl setting, and a line is |
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printed showing the ttl, the hostname and the address of the |
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gateway, and the rtt (round trip time) of each probe. The |
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number of probes may be specifically set using the -q |
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option. If the probe answers come from different gateways, |
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the hostname and the address of each responding system will |
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be printed. If there is no response within a 5 second |
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timeout interval, a "*" is printed for that probe. The -w |
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option may be used to set the timeout interval. Other possi- |
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ble annotations that may appear after the time are: |
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! the ttl value in the received packet is <= 1. |
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!H host unreachable. |
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!N network unreachable. |
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!P protocol unreachable. |
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!S source route failed. This should never occur. If |
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this is seen, the associated gateway is broken. |
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!F fragmentation needed. This should never occur. If |
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this is seen, the associated gateway is broken. |
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!X communication administratively prohibited. |
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SunOS 5.7 Last change: 26 Jun1998 1 |
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[[Nmap]] - [[PortScanning]] |
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[[tcpdump]] |
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[[Category:Computer]] |
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[[Category:Networking]] |
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[[Category:Programs]] |
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[[Category:Hacking]] |
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