Murder Through The Ages[edit]
HOMICIDES (per 100,000 people)[edit]
| England | Netherlands and Belgium | Scandinavia | Germany and Switzerland | Italy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13th and 14th c. | 23.0 | 47.0 | n.a. | 37.0 | 56.0 |
| 15th c. | n.a. | 45.0 | 46.0 | 16.0 | 73.0 |
| 16th c. | 7.0 | 25.0 | 21.0 | 11.0 | 47.0 |
| 17th c. | 5.0 | 7.5 | 18.0 | 7.0 | 32.0 |
| 18th c. | 1.5 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 7.5 | 10.5 |
| 19th c. | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 12.6 |
| 1900-1949 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 3.2 |
| 1950-1994 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
Source: Murder Through The Ages in Freakonomics by Steven D. Levitt / Stephen J. Dubner ISBN 0141025808 p.22 which sources: Secular Trends of Violence, Evidence, and Theoretical Interpretations by Manuel Eisner, Crime and Justice: A Review of Research 3 (2003); also presented in Manuel Eisner, "Violence and the Rise of Modern Society" Criminology in Cambridge, October 2003, pp. 3-7.