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    s23
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    Der Internet Protocol (IP)-Header stattet die zu übermittelnden Daten unter anderem mit einem Protokollfeld aus. Das Protokollfeld gibt Auskunft über dasjenige höhere Protokoll der OSI Schicht 4, an das die Datenpakete von OSI-Schicht 3 beim Entkapseln von der Empfängerseite übergeben werden müssen. Jedes Layer 4 Protokoll hat festgelegte Protokollnummern:

    TCP: 6
    UDP: 17
    ICMP: 1
    IPv6: 41
    L2TP: 115
    

    Die Numerierung von Protokollen ist im gesamten Internet einheitlich. Bisher wurden die Protokollnummern im RFC 1700 definiert. Diese Aufgabe ist nun von der Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [1] übernommen worden. Bei UNIX-Systemen sind die Protokollnummern in der Datei /etc/protocols abgelegt.

    ip      0       IP              # internet protocol, pseudo protocol number
    #hopopt 0       HOPOPT          # IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Option [RFC1883]
    icmp    1       ICMP            # internet control message protocol
    igmp    2       IGMP            # Internet Group Management
    ggp     3       GGP             # gateway-gateway protocol
    ipencap 4       IP-ENCAP        # IP encapsulated in IP (officially ``IP'')
    st      5       ST              # ST datagram mode
    tcp     6       TCP             # transmission control protocol
    egp     8       EGP             # exterior gateway protocol
    igp     9       IGP             # any private interior gateway (Cisco)
    pup     12      PUP             # PARC universal packet protocol
    udp     17      UDP             # user datagram protocol
    hmp     20      HMP             # host monitoring protocol
    xns-idp 22      XNS-IDP         # Xerox NS IDP
    rdp     27      RDP             # "reliable datagram" protocol
    iso-tp4 29      ISO-TP4         # ISO Transport Protocol class 4 [RFC905]
    xtp     36      XTP             # Xpress Transfer Protocol
    ddp     37      DDP             # Datagram Delivery Protocol
    idpr-cmtp 38    IDPR-CMTP       # IDPR Control Message Transport
    ipv6    41      IPv6            # Internet Protocol, version 6
    ipv6-route 43   IPv6-Route      # Routing Header for IPv6
    ipv6-frag 44    IPv6-Frag       # Fragment Header for IPv6
    idrp    45      IDRP            # Inter-Domain Routing Protocol
    rsvp    46      RSVP            # Reservation Protocol
    gre     47      GRE             # General Routing Encapsulation
    esp     50      IPSEC-ESP       # Encap Security Payload [RFC2406]
    ah      51      IPSEC-AH        # Authentication Header [RFC2402]
    skip    57      SKIP            # SKIP
    ipv6-icmp 58    IPv6-ICMP       # ICMP for IPv6
    ipv6-nonxt 59   IPv6-NoNxt      # No Next Header for IPv6
    ipv6-opts 60    IPv6-Opts       # Destination Options for IPv6
    rspf    73      RSPF CPHB       # Radio Shortest Path First (officially CPHB)
    vmtp    81      VMTP            # Versatile Message Transport
    eigrp   88      EIGRP           # Enhanced Interior Routing Protocol (Cisco)
    ospf    89      OSPFIGP         # Open Shortest Path First IGP
    ax.25   93      AX.25           # AX.25 frames
    ipip    94      IPIP            # IP-within-IP Encapsulation Protocol
    etherip 97      ETHERIP         # Ethernet-within-IP Encapsulation [RFC3378]
    encap   98      ENCAP           # Yet Another IP encapsulation [RFC1241]
    #       99                      # any private encryption scheme
    pim     103     PIM             # Protocol Independent Multicast
    ipcomp  108     IPCOMP          # IP Payload Compression Protocol
    vrrp    112     VRRP            # Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
    l2tp    115     L2TP            # Layer Two Tunneling Protocol [RFC2661]
    isis    124     ISIS            # IS-IS over IPv4
    sctp    132     SCTP            # Stream Control Transmission Protocol
    fc      133     FC              # Fibre Channel
    

    If you need a huge list of used numbers please install the nmap package.

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